Quantitatively, International Energy Agency (IEA) yakambobudisa "Special Report on Photovoltaic Global Supply Chain", iyo inoratidza kuti kubvira 2011, China yakaisa mari inodarika mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu emadhora ekuAmerica kuwedzera simba rekugadzira photovoltaic midziyo, iyo nguva gumi. iyo yeEurope.China yakagadzira anopfuura 300,000 mabasa ekugadzira;Indasitiri yekugadzira photovoltaic yeChina inogara inosvika makumi masere muzana muzana ehuwandu hwekugadzira pasi rose mune zvese zvinongedzo zvemagetsi ezuva, kubva kune silicon zvinhu, silicon ingots, wafers kune maseru uye modules, pakati peiyo yakaderera Iyo yepamusoro ndeyesilicon zvinhu (79.4%), uye iyo yepamusoro ndeyesilicon ingot (96.8%).IEA inofanotaura zvakare kuti panosvika 2025, huwandu hwekugadzira hweChina mune mamwe malink huchaita 95% kana kupfuura.

Hazvishamisi kuti IEA ichashandisa "dominate" kutsanangura mamiriro eChina photovoltaic industry, uye kunyange kutaura kuti inoisa imwe njodzi kune yepasi rose photovoltaic supply chain. "... chiyero chekusangana kwenzvimbo mumaketani ekutengesa kwepasi rose kunogadzirawo matambudziko anogona hurumende dzinofanira kugadzirisa." Kana iwe ukazvitarisa zvine hunhu, zvinotonyanya kufadza kuti tsananguro mu "New York Times" inotora indasitiri yeChina photovoltaic senjodzi huru.Iyo yekupedzisira "dzidziso yekutyisidzira" inogona kunge ichiri 5G.

Asi mapaneru ezuva handiwo ega chinongedzo muPV kukosha kweketani inotongwa nemakambani eChinese.Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa kune imwe isinganyanyozivikanwa, asi yakaenzana yakakosha mudziyo mune photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira masisitimu-iyo photovoltaic inverter.

Inverter, mwoyo uye uropi hwe photovoltaics

Iyo photovoltaic inverter inogona kushandura yakananga ikozvino inogadzirwa nesolar cell module kuita inochinjisa ikozvino ine inogadziriswa frequency uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira uye hupenyu.Iyo inverter ine basa rekuwedzera simba rekugadzira magetsi eiyo photovoltaic mapaneru uye nekupa system chengetedzo yekukanganisa, kusanganisira asi isina kugumira kune otomatiki mashandiro uye kuvharika mabasa, yakanyanya simba yekutevera yekudzora mabasa, akateedzana emabasa anodiwa negridhi-yakabatana masisitimu, nezvimwe. .

Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo yakakosha basa reiyo photovoltaic inverter inogonawo kupfupikiswa sekutevera iyo yakanyanya kubuda simba reiyo photovoltaic module array, uye kudyisa simba rayo mugidhi nekurasikirwa kudiki kutendeuka uye yakanakisa simba remhando.Pasina "moyo uye uropi" yeiyi photovoltaic system, magetsi anobudiswa nemasero ezuva emazuva ano angadai asina kuwanikwa kuvanhu.

Kubva pakuona kwechinzvimbo cheketani yeindasitiri, iyo inverter iri muzasi kweiyo photovoltaic industry, uye inopinda muhutano mukugadzira hurongwa hwekugadzira simba (zvisinei nokuti chimiro chipi).

Kubva pamutengo wekuona, chikamu che photovoltaic inverters mumutengo haisi yakakwirira.Kazhinji, chikamu chekuparadzirwa kwe photovoltaic systems yakakwirira kudarika iyo yakakura-yakakura pasi pemiti yemagetsi.

Ikozvino photovoltaic inverters ine nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirisa, dzinowanzozivikanwa uye dziri nyore kunzwisisa, uye dzinosiyaniswa nemhando dzezvigadzirwa.Iko kune kunyanya mana marudzi: centralized, tambo, yakagoverwa uye micro inverters.Pakati pavo, iyo micro-inverter yakasiyana zvakasiyana kubva kune mamwe maturusi matatu, uye inogona kushandiswa chete mudiki photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira masisitimu, akadai seimba photovoltaics, uye haina kukodzera kune yakakura-yakakura masisitimu.

Kubva pamaonero ekugovaniswa kwemusika, tambo inverters yatora chinzvimbo chekutonga, centralized inverters iri panzvimbo yechipiri ine gap hombe, uye mamwe marudzi akaverengerwa kushoma kwazvo.Zvinoenderana nedata rakapihwa neCPIA, tambo inverters account ye69.6%, centralized inverters account ye27.7%, akagoverwa inverters ane chikamu chemusika chingangoita 2.7%, uye micro inverters hazvionekwe.statistics.

Chikonzero nei zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvakanyanya inverter zviri zvemhando yetambo ndeyekuti: iyo inoshanda voltage renji yakafara uye simba rekugadzira simba rakasimba muchiedza chakaderera;imwe inverter inodzora mashoma ebhatiri zvikamu, kazhinji chete gumi nemaviri, iyo idiki zvakanyanya pane iyo centralized inverter Huwandu hwezviuru zvemajenareta, kukanganisa kusingatarisirwe kukundikana pahuwandu hwekugadzira simba kwesimba kwakadzikira;mari yekushanda nekugadzirisa yakaderera, kuona kukanganisa kunenge kuri nyore, uye kana kukanganisa kunoitika, nguva yekugadzirisa ipfupi, uye kukundikana nekugadzirisa kunokonzera kurasikirwa kuduku.

Zvisinei, inofanira kusimbiswa kuti kuwedzera kune mashizha makuru emagetsi, iyo photovoltaic indasitiri inewo akawanda chaiwo maitiro ekushandiswa, uye kune marudzi akawanda ekugoverwa photovoltaics, akadai seimba photovoltaics, fekitari padenga photovoltaics, high-rise building photovoltaic. madziro emaketeni, zvichingodaro.Kune dzakadaro photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira zvivako, hurumende inewo zvirongwa zvinoenderana.Semuenzaniso, muImplementation Plan yeCarbon Peaking muUrban and Rural Construction yakapihwa neBazi reDzimba neUrban-Rural Development neNational Development and Reform Commission muna Chikunguru, zvinonzi panosvika 2025, zvivakwa zvitsva zveveruzhinji, Denga. photovoltaic coverage rate yechivakwa chefekitari ichangobva kuvakwa ichasvika 50%.Mamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekushandiswa ane zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa zve photovoltaic inverters, uye nekukurumidzira kukura kweiyo photovoltaic industry, kukanganisa kwekombiyuta iterations pamhizha haigoni kuregererwa, zvichiita kuti chimiro chemusika che photovoltaic inverters chisave nechokwadi.

Panyaya yehukuru hwemusika, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti nekuti inopfuura kambani imwe inotungamira muindasitiri yeinverter haina kunyorwa, kuburitswa kwemashoko kusina kukwana kwakonzera mamwe matambudziko ehuwandu, zvichikonzera mutsauko mudhata rakapihwa nemasangano akasiyana nekuda kwe pesvedzero yecaliber.

Kubva pakuona kwehukuru hwemusika, maererano nehuwandu hwekutakura: IHS Markit's PV inverter shipments muna 2021 inenge 218GW, gore negore kuwedzera kwe27%;Wood Mackenzie's data inopfuura 225GW, A gore-pa-gore kuwedzera kwe22%.

Chikonzero nei iyo yazvino photovoltaic inverter indasitiri ine kukwikwidza kwakanyanya kunonyanya kukonzerwa nemukana wakakura wemutengo unounzwa nekugadzikana kwemitengo yekudzora kugona kwemabhizinesi epamba.Panguva ino, dzinenge mhando dzese dze inverter muChina dzine mukana wakajeka wemutengo, uye mutengo pa watt ungangoita makumi mashanu muzana kana makumi maviri muzana emutengo wekunze.

Kudzikiswa kwemutengo uye kuwedzera kwehunyanzvi ndiyo kutungamira kwekugadzirisa

Panguva ino, mudzimba photovoltaic inverters yakagadzira imwe mukana wemakwikwi, asi zvechokwadi izvi hazvirevi kuti hapana mukana wekuwedzera optimization muindasitiri.Nzira huru dzekudzikisa mari dzemangwana photovoltaic inverters dzichatarisa pazvinhu zvitatu: kugarisana kwezvikamu zvakakosha, simba rekugadzirisa simba uye teknolojia innovation.

Panyaya yemhando yemitengo, iyo yakananga zvinhu zve photovoltaic inverters inoverengera yakakwira chikamu, inopfuura 80%, iyo inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina: simba semiconductors (kunyanya IGBTs), mechanical parts (zvikamu zvepurasitiki, kufa castings, radiators, Sheet metal parts, etc.), anobatsira zvinhu (insulating materials, packaging materials, etc.), nezvimwe zvinhu zvemagetsi (capacitors, inductors, integrated circuits, etc.).Mutengo wakazara wezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mu photovoltaic inverters zvinokanganiswa zvakanyanya nekumusoro kwemvura, kuomerwa kwekugadzira hakuna kukwirira, makwikwi emusika atokwana, kuwedzera kuderedzwa kwemutengo kwakaoma, uye nzvimbo yekutengeserana ishoma, iyo isingakwanise kupa zvakawanda. rubatsiro rwekumwe kudzikiswa kwemitengo yemainverters.

Asi semiconductor zvishandiso zvakasiyana.Simba semiconductors account ye10% kusvika 20% yemutengo weiyo inverter.Iwo ndiwo masikirwo akakosha ekuona iyo DC-AC inverter basa reiyo inverter, uye yakanangana neiyo yekutendeuka kushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo.Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo yakakwira indasitiri zvipingamupinyi zveIGBTs, mwero wenzvimbo panguva ino hauna kukwirira.

Izvi zvinoita kuti simba semiconductors ive nesimba rakasimba remitengo kupfuura mamwe madivayiri.Iri zvakare kushomeka kwepasirese semiconductor uye kuwedzera kwemitengo kubva muna 2021 izvo zvakonzera kudzvanywa kuri pachena pamubhadharo wemainverters, uye iyo gross profit margin yezvigadzirwa yakanyanya kuderera.Nekukurumidza kusimudzira kwema semiconductors epamba, iyo inverter indasitiri inotarisirwa kuona kutsiva kwenzvimbo kweIGBT mune ramangwana uye kuwana kuderedzwa kwemutengo wakazara.

Kuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi kunoreva kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvine simba repamusoro pasi pehuremu hwakafanana, kana zvigadzirwa zvakareruka pasi pesimba rimwechete, nekudaro kuderedza mutengo wakagadziriswa wezvikamu zvezvimiro / zvekubatsira uye kuwana mhedzisiro yekudzikisa mutengo.Kubva pamaonero ezvimiro zvechigadzirwa, iwo azvino akasiyana inverters ari kugara achivandudza iyo yakayerwa simba uye simba density.

Tekinoroji iteration yakatwasuka.Iyo inverter indasitiri inogona kuwana kudzora mutengo uye kuwedzera kuvhura purofiti nekuwedzera optimize dhizaini yechigadzirwa, kuderedza zvinhu, kuvandudza maitiro ekugadzira, uye kuchinjira kumidziyo inoshanda.

Nyika inotevera, kuchengetedza simba?

Pamusoro pe photovoltaics, imwe nzira yemusika yeazvino inverter indasitiri ndiyo yakaenzana inopisa simba rekuchengetedza.

Photovoltaic simba rekugadzira, kunyanya kugoverwa photovoltaic systems, ine yakasikwa intermittency uye volatility.Kubatanidza kune simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu kuti uwane inoenderera uye yakagadzikana magetsi ekupa imhinduro inozivikanwa nevakawanda.

Kuti zvizadzise zvinodikanwa zvesimba idzva remagetsi, iyo Power Conversion System (PCS; dzimwe nguva inonzi inverter yekuchengetera simba kuitira nyore kunzwisisa) yakavapo.PCS is electrochemical system inobatanidza bhatiri system uye gidhi remagetsi kuona bidirectional shanduko yesimba remagetsi.Iyo haingogone kushandura ikozvino kuchinjika kuita yakananga ikozvino kubhadharisa bhatiri panguva yekutakurwa kwemutoro, asi zvakare kushandura yakananga ikozvino mubhatiri rekuchengetedza kuita inochinjanisa ikozvino panguva yepamusoro yekuremerwa uye kubatana kune grid..

Nekudaro, nekuda kwemabasa akaomesesa, gidhi remagetsi rine zvakakwirira kuita zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza simba inverters, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwenhamba yezvikamu zvinoshandiswa, izvo zvinogona kunge zvakapetwa kaviri izvo zveyakajairwa photovoltaic inverters.Panguva imwecheteyo, mabasa akaoma anounzawo zvipingamupinyi zvepamusoro.

Zvichienderana, kunyangwe chiyero chese chisiri chakakurisa, iyo inverter yekuchengetera simba yakatoratidza purofiti yakanaka, uye iyo gross profit margin ine mukana wakakura pamusoro peiyo photovoltaic inverter.

Tichitarisa kubva pazvino mamiriro eindastiri, musika wekunze wekuchengetedza simba wakatanga kare, uye kudiwa kwakasimba kupfuura kuChina.Makambani emumba haasati atanga kutonga kwemusika kwakafanana neiyo yezvikamu zvebhatiri uye inverters muindasitiri.Nekudaro, chiyero chemusika chekuchengetedza simba inverters panguva ino haina kukura, uye kune gaka rakakura rine photovoltaic inverters.Hapana mutsauko uri pachena mukukwikwidzana pakati pemakambani epamba neekunze, izvo zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nesarudzo dzebhizinesi.

Kune mabhizinesi, kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi, tekinoroji yesimba rekuchengetedza inverters uye photovoltaic inverters ine mabviro akafanana, uye hazvina kuoma zvakanyanya kumabhizinesi kuti ashandure.Uye mumusika wepamba, uchitungamirwa neindasitiri uye mutemo, indasitiri yekuchengetera magetsi yapinda munguva yekukurumidza kusimudzira, nekukura kukuru kwemusika uye yakasimba indasitiri chokwadi, inova yakajeka bhizinesi nzira yekuvandudza bhizinesi kumakambani inverter.

Muchokwadi, makambani mazhinji akabatsirwa kubva pane zvakanaka zvinotarisirwa zveindasitiri yekuchengetedza simba.Tichitarisa kubva mukuita muna 2021, mitsara yebhizinesi rekuchengetedza simba remakambani mazhinji aratidza kukura kwakasimba.Kunyangwe kukura uku kuine hukama neiyo yakaderera base, zvakakwana kuratidza kuti kuvandudza kwesimba rekuchengetedza-ane chekuita nekugadzira michina ine chokwadi chakasimba, uye hapana mubvunzo kuti ine yakanaka bhizinesi logic uye kukura.

Iyo yeramangwana yekudzikisa mutengo nzira yesimba rekuchengetedza inverters zvakare yakajeka, iyo isiri yakanyanya kusiyana ne photovoltaic inverters.Inotarisa pakuderedza mutengo wezvikamu, kunyanya kuchinjwa kwenzvimbo yemagetsi semiconductors.Sezvo nhamba yezvikamu zvakashandiswa zvakakura zvikuru, inogadzirwa mumusha Mutengo wekuderedza mutengo unounzwa nekutsiviwa unogona kuwedzera kukudzwa.

Kana makambani einverter achimhanyisa kusimudzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi, achivimba nekukurumidza kusimudzira kweindasitiri yekuchengetera magetsi uye neyakagadzika yemakwikwi mabhenefiti egridhi-yakabatana inverters, tine zvikonzero zvese zvekutenda kuti indasitiri yemuno ine mukana wese wekuvimba neChina. Zvakanakira kugadzira, kuberekana kwekubudirira kweiyo photovoltaic indasitiri musimba rekuchengetedza kukosha cheni, uye kubudirira kwekutengeserana kwemabhizinesi epamba zvakare mhedzisiro yakasikwa.